During the late 1930s, there were few matters on which enlightened opinion on the Left and Right in Britain, France, the United States, Australia and many other countries agreed; but one was that Marxism/Communism and Fascism/National Socialism were fundamentally opposed to each other and in permanent conflict. Even those on the Left who were not advocates of a “popular front against Fascism” thought of the polarisation of Berlin and Moscow as one of the few international and ideolo…